TRADITIONAL
CLASSIC GOOD LOOKS
Traditionally constructed formal sofas tend to have a ‘tight back’ with no loose cushions. The back may be sprung and buttoned, too, while sofas with cushioned backs may have two or three separate cushions to create the shape. Foam filled cushions will keep their shape better than feather or fibre cushions. A loose-covered sofa or chair usually has a more casual look than a tight or fixed-cover sofa. However, loose covers have the benefit of being removable for cleaning and can be replaced to update the look, simply and cheaply.
UPHOLSTERY
Traditionally constructed sofas are made using a hardwood frame, usually beech. This is held together with dowels, screws and glue. The result is a completely solid and stable structure. The final shape is built up around the frame by using layers of padding. This padding may include woollen felt, horsehair, canvas and interlinings.
Traditionally, seat springs are hand-tied to a webbing base but some sofas will have coiled springs attached to metal strips stretching from the front to the back of the frame. S-shaped springs or serpentine springs are used for the back if it is a sprung-back design.
*TIP* It is worth remembering that the heavier a sofa is, the better quality it is likely to be.
SOFA TEST
The more hardwood it contains, the sturdier it will be. Less expensive sofas often use board, resulting in a lightweight sofa. Nudge the sofa while in the showroom, If it moves easily you should review its quality, looks and construction.
CONTEMPORARY
MODERN LINES
Modern sofas tend to have rather less detail than the traditional style. Today’s designer favours fewer but larger scale cushions. Modular pieces that bolt of click together to create either an L-shaped or curved sofa, are currently very popular, often including a ‘chaise’ section. The L-shaped sofa, whilst popular, also solves the problem of providing enough reclining space for two without the need for two separate pieces.
UPHOLSTERY METHODS
Modern pieces are made in a variety of ways, using combinations of foam, board and fibre. Its weight is still worth checking to judge sturdiness and longevity. Most modern sofas are made from blocks of dense foam, on or in a metal frame or exposed timbre frame. Sleek curved shapes with slim arms and shallow backs may be made out of particleboard covered with layers of padding, or a foam covered moulded frame. High-density foam is commonly used as it holds its shape well and can be sculpted into flowing curves or angular shapes.
BUYING A SOFA
BEFORE YOU BUY
As with any sofa, try before you buy. Low or slim-line models are not always the most comfortable for reclining. Consider the depth of the sofa from front to back as well, as your height may determine what is a suitable depth for you
CHOOSING A FABRIC
When supplying your own fabric, it is important to ensure it is rated for upholstery use and is fire-retardant. Textured and patterned fabrics are more forgiving than plain, light colours and smooth finishes.
Large patterns will create waste, as the pattern will have to be centred or matched on all sides and cushions.
*TIP* Order a large swatch of potential fabrics and view them in situ, in both natural and artificial light.
ADDED PROTECTION
It is always worth spending a few extra pounds on stain retardant. If the sofa isn’t treated, keep a stain removal kit around your home. Always blot with white cloths to avoid colour transference. All upholstery must be fire retardant by law-
A square ticket with a green edge indicates resistance to cigarettes and matches.
A triangular ticket with a red edge indicates the cover is not fire resistant but has a suitably resistant lining beneath.
I met Sissy at the spirit of Summer fair in London with my lovely client M and couldn't resist bringing her artwork into my designs.. 
